Which method is the best on a large scale for removing ammonia nitrogen from wastewater?

Activated sludge is the best method for removing ammonia nitrogen from wastewater on a large scale due to its efficiency and effectiveness in biological treatment processes. This method involves aerating wastewater with microorganisms that assimilate organic material and convert ammonia into less harmful forms through nitrification and denitrification processes.

In an activated sludge system, aeration provides the necessary oxygen for aerobic bacteria to thrive and break down organic matter and ammonia. The process is highly adaptable to various wastewater characteristics and flow rates, allowing for considerable ammonia removal through controlled conditions. The biomass produced can also be recycled within the system, improving the overall efficiency.

Furthermore, the activated sludge process allows for the optimization of parameters such as retention time, sludge age, and oxygen levels to enhance the reduction of ammonia nitrogen. This adaptability makes it especially suitable for large-scale applications in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities, where the volume of wastewater and the concentrations of ammonia might vary significantly.

While other methods, such as biological nutrient removal, can also be effective in removing ammonia, activated sludge remains the most widely used method on a large scale due to its established technology, operational familiarity, and ability to handle varying loads and conditions effectively.